Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Analyse the suns newspaper leading article Essay Example for Free

Examine the suns paper driving article Essay The Sun is a newspaper paper, which is commonly short and simple to peruse. The word soul includes proof that The Sun focuses on a basic crowd, which dont must be exceptionally taught. The Sun is focused on the white collar class advertise (red top). Just as being carefully conservative governmental issues, the paper likewise has a conniving notoriety, they can likewise have inclination to overstate reality and even print lies. Papers frequently overstate to make the circumstance sound all the more obliterating and to have an increasingly sensational impact on the peruser. The Sun gives a graphical view into what occurred on September the eleventh. The article on the twelfth September 2001 is introduced outwardly. The paper utilizes title texts to pull in the perusers consideration and to sum up the realities of the article. The fundamental title for the article is The Sun Says. The title is imprinted in enormous capital letters, is striking and has white letters imprinted on a dark foundation. White letters on a dark foundation are utilized to concentrate individuals consideration on the title. Strong content is additionally used to make certain content stand apart from the rest. The making a beeline for sum up the article, which is the thing that The sun says This short incomplete sentence makes the peruser need read on and this makes tension just as getting peruser intrigue. This heading is likewise affecting the perusers perspective. The fundamental Sub heading is All the world must join to overcome these malicious quitters. This heading is imprinted in enormous letters, is strong, underlined, has white letters on a dark foundation and in the focal point of the article. The heading is in the focal point of the article this is to separate the content and catch people groups eye. The heading is utilized to give a message, which for this situation is everybody, must combine to discover who submitted this unwarranted assault. This heading is additionally misrepresented to making show and energy to animate the enthusiasm of the peruser. Beneath the sub heading in an image of a portion of the individuals made up for lost time in the mishap. This is attractive and is fortifying what is being said in the content. The image is trailed by the subtitle Terror casualties. New York laborers escape the decimation canvassed in dust yesterday This subtitle is to get a specific reaction from the peruser. The author changes the sentence lengths to make short sentences punchy and hard-hitting on the crowd. This basic short sentences They should is the primary sentence of the article after the subheading. Short sentences are to underscore a specific point. The point for this sentence is actually the response to the sub heading before it. This dramatically affects its crowd to join in the wake of yesterdays revulsions. An extra short sentence isn't after yesterday. This is because of the measure of lives that were lost and danger of another assault. This is playing on the crowds feelings. The essayist utilizes an assortment of methods to help compose a ground-breaking article. Emotive language is utilized to incite a specific reaction this can be exhibited by the expression But the world will never be the equivalent again. This expression is utilized to incite a passionate reaction from the crowd in light of the fact that the towers will never be reconstructed or be the equivalent again. So as to make feelings, The Sun must be one-sided and contend their point so as to get a specific feeling, among the crowd. The essayist utilizes the single word precisely which is written in Italic composition. This is to underscore the word and make it stand apart from the remainder of the passage. The word is likewise to convince the crowd to embrace their perspective. Strong content stand is utilized a few times all through the article. Different instances of the strong content are It is our obligation to help them, both ethically and if important basically and They should be pursued down and executed. These statement are the two captions. These captions are strong to get the perusers consideration and make you need to understand more. The strong additionally makes the content stand apart from the remainder of the passage. Both of these sentences give the read an inclination that on the off chance that there is a war, at that point we ought to back America. A facetious inquiry is frequently posed for impact, this is to get a peruser intrigued by what's going on. Were his words rewarded as boasting rather that a desperate danger? By posing an inquiry the peruser is surrendering the appropriate response over to the perusers creative mind and for them to draw their own sentiment. What's more, the author likewise utilizes inquiries from renowned individuals so as to help their view. By citing the head administrator the author assists with supporting this view and it gets the paper politically included. Tony Blair cited, The psychological oppressors were in human Journalists frequently misrepresent reality to greaterly affect the peruser. For instance The world will NEVER be the equivalent again. By overstating the story the essayist is attempting to make an all the more destroying story. By creating and curving the story the essayist is accepting what has occurred, yet cant demonstrate what really occurred. This is called concealment and is made by saying a case of this is If they had an atomic bomb, they would utilize it. Embellishment is additionally being utilized to impact the perusers perspective like in the expression portraying the calamity like Armageddon, Death Wish and the Towering Inferno. Authors a few times utilize rhyming expressions so as to make expressions or trademarks to keep the anticipation of the article. Instances of rhyming expressions in the article incorporate George W. Bramble won't evade from utilizing may in the reason for right. What's more, we have won previously. We will win once more. By playing on words, utilizing Rhyming expressions and redundancy the author is concentrating on a specific point or word. For this situation the word is we which is toward the finish of the article to get over the point that we can win. The Language utilized in the Sun is educational, furious and dismal. The language is a key instrument in making a paper as full of feeling as conceivable as it keeps the crowd intrigued. An extraordinary case of this is the expression New York laborers escape the obliteration of yesterday. This case of miserable language is to incite irate reaction from the crowd. The language is additionally sensational a case of this is he should be intense. This is to incite the reaction that George Bush must be daring and brave. At the hour of the debacle I was at school so I didnt discover until I returned home. At the point when I saw the photos on the TV I felt an extraordinary lose for the families and couldn't conviction something like this could occur, it influences everybody. The primary concerns of the article are attempting to get individuals to join together and get everybody to appeal to God for America and for all of us. This incredible expression should have an enduring effect on the peruser and to impact their feeling. The main article is a story communicating the papers perspective they are typically hard hitting, ground-breaking and staff. A few times they are really composed by the manager and they are substantially more stubborn than different reports. This sort paper attempts to make up people groups minds for them as it is predominantly one-sided.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

International Marketing Emerging Markets

Question: Examine about the International Marketing for Emerging Markets. Answer: Presentation: The given visual commercial is identified with a reasonableness cream (Fair and Handsome) particularly for men. As indicated by me, the given visual promotion is absolutely exploitative. The organization utilizes a bogus or untrustworthy way to deal with direct bogus notice and to occupy the brain of individuals towards the item. I accept that there is definitely not a particular decency cream that individuals may use to be reasonable and attractive (Shevde, 2008). Then again, I found that the firm utilizes film stars to publicize and advance their item in the commercial center. It is notable that film stars have a colossal fan following. In this visual ad, I can see that the hotshot Shahrukh Khan is inciting the reasonableness cream. The association knows very well that the Fan following of SRK will follow to their saint. This will consequently improve the gainfulness of the association. The methodology of this visual ad is absolutely dishonest. It is a result of individuals have a profound confidence in the film stars. They feel that in the event that they will utilize the item, at that point they would get great outcomes. They would be reasonable and attractive like SRK. I imagine that the methodology is absolutely bogus and exploitative. Business firms are just playing with the sentiments, accept, and confidence of the individuals. The fundamental thought process of this kind of association is to make an ever increasing number of benefits for the development and accomplishment of the business. They likewise realize that there is no such cream that can make dark individuals reasonable (Tellis and Ambler, 2007). Thus, the methodology taken in the ad is deceptive. As indicated by me, the methodology was utilized uniquely to draw in more clients to improve the productivity of the organization in the commercial center. The organization distorts its item before clients. The firm likewise realizes that they won't get the ideal outcomes by utilizing such item (Ullah and Hussain, 2016). Alongside this, with the assistance of this bogus promoting approach, the firm purposefully distorts its item. The association doesn't imagine that what a buyer will get or become with such item. I am certain that the methodology was just used to improve the efficiency, productivity, and market position of the firm in the commercial center. Additionally, this methodology was likewise used to accomplish upper hands over the contenders. The firm realizes very well that individuals will follow their legends. I am likewise a purchaser of such items. I for one saw that these sorts of items are just to mislead the individuals. I didn't get the outcomes that the firm tells with the assistance of visual promoting. I accept that the firm utilized this way to deal with target particularly white collar class and lower class clients. It is a result of high class individuals are exceptionally mindful about such kinds of items. They will never buy these items (AJAY, 2014). Consequently, I can say that, this phony or dishonest methodology was just used to play with the confidence of the individuals. The key goal behind the utilization of this methodology is to improve the efficiency and benefit of the firm in a dishonest way. No, the visual has not precisely spoken to reality. There are various explanations for this. For instance, the significant purpose for it is that this visual publicizing is completely identified with the deception of item. The distortion methodology of business firms is shameless and unsuitable. In todays advance mechanical period, these kinds of systems don't have any significance for the individuals and society (Allen and Stevens, 2010). Alongside this, the subsequent explanation is that, the firm utilized film stars to advance its items. Individuals are a lot of mindful about the ways of life of the hotshots. They know the real factors about their legends. In addition, individuals additionally realize that the film stars who advance and promote item don't utilize such items. They follow diet plans and furthermore take treatments or medications to look youthful, reasonable and attractive at any phase of their lives. Furthermore, the other explanation is that, the visual promoting i s a significant sort of bogus publicizing. It just spreads counterfeit data to deceive the individuals. The greater part of the business associations utilize visual publicizing just to acquire high benefits in the commercial center. This kind of promoting assumes a significant job so as to make visual guile in the psyche of clients (Zahrdka and Sedlkov, 2013). Therefore, it very well may be accepted that, the visual has not precisely spoken to reality with regards to the item. The visual promoting represents the distortion of the item or administration in the market. I will utilize compelling publicizing bids to offer this item or administration so as to make the influential intrigue moral. For instance, discerning, sex, humor, dread, temporary fad promulgation, etc are the publicizing claims that assume a significant job to make the powerful intrigue moral. Most importantly, I will concentrate on the sane intrigue of promoting. The significant purpose for it is that the balanced intrigue centers around the need of shoppers for authenticity and sober mindedness of an item. On the off chance that the item will be agreeing the necessities of the clients, at that point they will show their inclinations in the acquisition of the item (Zou and Fu, 2011). In addition, the discerning methodology would have the option to introduce the specific highlights of items before clients. The judicious methodology would be useful to portray the significant advantages that are connected with the acquisition of a specific item. This methodology is likewise gainful t o give verifications or confirmations of the outcomes. In the event that individuals don't get the outcomes, at that point they may raise guarantee against the organization. Alongside this, I will likewise utilize dread intrigue to show the negative results of the item. For instance, with the assistance of this, I will suggest that this item is just for ordinary skin individuals. It isn't for the dry and sleek skin individuals (Estelami, 2009). Along these lines, with the assistance of these promoting claims, I would have the option to sell this item/administration contrastingly and would likewise make the convincing intrigue moral. References AJAY, V. (2014). View of Indian Consumers towards Indian Advertisements. Global Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 2(2), pp.89-114. Allen, B. furthermore, Stevens, D.P. (2010). Truth in promoting? Visuals, sound, and the verifiable exactness of political publicizing. In Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September (pp. 1-4). Estelami, H. (2009). Promoting Turnarounds: A Guide to Surviving Downturns and Rediscovering Growth. USA: Dog Ear Publishing. Shevde, N. (2008). All's Fair infatuated and cream: A social contextual analysis of reasonable flawless in India. Promoting society survey, 9(2). Tellis, G.J. furthermore, Ambler, T. (2007). The SAGE Handbook of Advertising. USA: SAGE. Ullah, N. furthermore, Hussain, M. (2016). Effect of Unethical Advertising, Misleading Information or Deceptive Advertising on Customer Purchasing Intention with Mediating Effect of Word of Mouth: Case of Pakistan. Hazard, 0. Zahrdka, P. also, Sedlkov, R. (2013). New Perspectives on Consumer Culture Theory and Research. UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Zou, S. also, Fu, H. (2011). Universal Marketing: Emerging Markets. USA: Emerald Group Publishing.

Sunday, August 2, 2020

Managing Conflict in Relationships Communication Tips

Managing Conflict in Relationships Communication Tips Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Improve Your Relationships With Effective Communication Skills By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 ONOKY - Eric Audras / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Conflict in a relationship is virtually inevitable. In itself, conflict isn’t a problem; how it’s handled, however, can bring people together or tear them apart. Poor communication skills, disagreements, and misunderstandings can be a source of anger and distance  or a springboard to a stronger relationship and a happier future. Tips for Effective Communication Next time you’re dealing with conflict, keep these tips on effective communication skills in mind and you can create a more positive outcome.  Heres how. Stay Focused Sometimes it’s tempting to bring up past seemingly related conflicts when dealing with current ones. It feels relevant to address everything thats bothering you at once and get it all talked about while youre already dealing with one conflict. Unfortunately, this often clouds the issue and makes finding mutual understanding and a solution to the current issue less likely, and makes the whole discussion more taxing and even confusing. Try not to bring up past hurts or other topics. Stay focused on the present, your feelings, understanding one another and finding a solution. Practicing mindfulness meditation can help you to learn to be more present in all areas of your life. Listen Carefully People often think they’re listening, but are really thinking about what they’re going to say next when the other person stops talking. Try to notice if you do that the next time youre in a discussion. Truly effective communication goes both ways. While it might be difficult, try really listening to what your partner is saying. Don’t interrupt. Don’t get defensive. Just hear them and reflect back what they’re saying so they know you’ve heard. Then you’ll understand them better and they’ll be more willing to listen to you. Try to See Their Point of View In a conflict, most of us primarily want to feel heard and understood. We talk a lot about our point of view to get the other person to see things our way. This is understandable, but too much of a focus on our own desire to be understood above all else can backfire. Ironically, if we all do this all the time, there’s little focus on the other person’s point of view, and nobody feels understood. Try to really see the other side, and then you can better explain yours. (If you dont get it, ask more questions until you do.) Others will more likely be willing to listen if they feel heard. Respond to Criticism With Empathy When someone comes at you with criticism, it’s easy to feel that they’re wrong  and get defensive. While criticism is hard to hear and often exaggerated or colored by the other person’s emotions, it’s important to listen to the other person’s pain and respond with empathy for their feelings. Also, look for what’s true in what they’re saying; that can be valuable information for you. Own What’s Yours Realize that personal responsibility is a strength, not a weakness. Effective communication involves admitting when you’re wrong. If you both share some responsibility in a conflict (which is usually the case), look for and admit to what’s yours. It diffuses the situation, sets a good example, and shows maturity. It also often inspires the other person to respond in kind, leading you both closer to mutual understanding and a solution. Use “I” Messages Rather than saying things like, “You really messed up here,” begin statements with “I”, and make them about yourself and your feelings, like, “I feel frustrated when this happens.” It’s less accusatory, sparks less defensiveness, and helps the other person understand your point of view rather than feeling attacked. Look for Compromise Instead of trying to win the argument, look for solutions that meet everybody’s needs. Either through compromise  or a new creative solution that gives you both what you want most, this focus is much more effective than one person getting what they want at the other’s expense. Healthy communication involves finding a resolution that both sides can be happy with. Take a Time-Out Sometimes tempers get heated and it’s just too difficult to continue a discussion without it becoming an argument or a fight. If you feel yourself or your partner starting to get too angry to be constructive, or showing some destructive communication patterns, it’s okay to take a break from the discussion until you both cool off. This can mean taking a walk and cooling off to return to the conversation in half an hour, sleeping on it so you can process what youre feeling a little more, or whatever feels like the best fit for the two of you, as long as you do return to the conversation. Sometimes good communication means knowing when to take a break. Keep at It While taking a break from the discussion is sometimes a good idea, always come back to it. If you both approach the situation with a constructive attitude, mutual respect, and a willingness to see the other’s point of view or at least find a solution, you can make progress toward the goal of a resolution to the conflict. Unless it’s time to give up on the relationship, don’t give up on communication. Ask For Help If You Need It If one or both of you has trouble staying respectful during conflict  or if you’ve tried resolving conflict with your partner on your own and the situation just doesn’t seem to be improving, you might benefit from a few sessions with a therapist. Couples counseling or family therapy can provide help with altercations and teach skills to resolve future conflict. If your partner doesn’t want to go, you can still often benefit from going alone. Bonus Communication Tips Remember that the goal of effective communication skills should be mutual understanding and finding a solution that pleases both parties, not ‘winning’ the argument or ‘being right’.This doesn’t work in every situation, but sometimes (if you’re having a conflict in a romantic relationship) it helps to hold hands or stay physically connected as you talk. This can remind you that you still care about each other and generally support one another.Keep in mind that it’s important to remain respectful of the other person, even if you don’t like their actions.Heres a list of common unhealthy ways to handle conflict. Do you do some of these? If so, your poor communication skills could be causing additional stress in your life.Think youve got this under control? Take our assertiveness quiz and find out.You can also use apps like Happy Couple to improve your relationship.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Box Acts As A Representation Of Adolescents - 1025 Words

Since they have no previous memories of their past except for their names, their identity is entirely constructed in the Glade. The box acts as a mother delivering a newborn who has no knowledge of the world, and they struggle to find themselves as life continues. Like all other society, its values and beliefs influence an individual’s construction of identity. When the Gladers are sent up, they immediately emerge into the society with the given responsibilities. Since they are unable to find the purpose of life, they often live day-by-day in lost and confusion, where they are still in the process of becoming. Moreover, the maze can be interpreted as a representation of adolescents’ struggle to search for their true identity. As discussed†¦show more content†¦At the lowest social class with the least power, he manages to act in his way disregarding others’ opinions. He is young and impulsive, but these characteristics express the ways he exercises his kn owledge and power to change the situation. Since other Gladers fall under conform and obey authority, Thomas and Teresa are essential characters in the film that demonstrate the majority and minority in the society. While the majority tends to assimilate themselves, the minority has unique beliefs where they disregard the identity context, such as gender and class, which restrict them. According to Warrington and Younger (2011), society decides the acceptable behaviors that lead to inclusion, and since teenagers strive to become included, they often abandon their identity to fit in with the rest. While they attempt to find themselves, they also wish to be included which create a dilemma. Thomas and Teresa can maintain their individuality, and do not merge themselves into the society because they do not value inclusion as much. Those who risk their lives to go with Thomas eventually find who they wish to be instead of solely seeking for inclusion; while those who stay in the maze rem ain lost as they have not yet made a decision. Discourse acts as walls that constrain actions and speeches which can take the form of power (Raby, 2002, pg 430). The

Monday, May 11, 2020

Facts You Didn t Know About Jurassic World - 1826 Words

Facts you didn t know about Jurassic World Jurassic World has broken several records on its opening weekend with increasing number of fans worldwide. It has been given amazing reviews by the critics. The movie revolves around a human- engineered hybrid Dinosaur because of which the movie itself has become â€Å"Indominus Rex† at the box office. People are there who are unable to get over it and this is the reason we are here to let you all have a bit more of it. 1. After the denial of rumours of Fourth Film of the series in 2001, Jurassic Park 3 was seemed to be the Last part before June 2002, when Steven Spielberg officially announced of the Fourth part of the series in an interview with Starlog Magazine. 2. Jurassic World was supposed to be released in 2005 but due to repeated revisions to make Spielberg like and be happy with the script the film was delayed. The script has been written by William Monahan which he started writing in 2002. 3. The film revolves around a huge hybrid dinosaur resembling T-Rex with the name†Indominus Rex† playing an antagonist and with the genes of Giganotosaurus, Rugops, Majugasaurus and Carnotaurus. 4. In June 2005, an official site â€Å"World’s Greatest Theme Park† was introduced to the fans with enough description and information about Jurassic World. Apart from this a video game was also released post the release of film with the title of Lego Jurassic World to enhance the business of Jurassic World. 5. Approximately $180 million was theShow MoreRelatedDisney Pixar5473 Words   |  22 Pagesanimated film product. Was it their technology? Was it their creativity and story-telling ability? Was it their ability to meld these elements together in an effective, box-office-friendly manner? Or, was it something else altogether? Jobs thought about Pixar’s alliance with Disney, and wondered whether or not his company had reached a point where it was time to move beyond this lucrative but evolved partnership. He asked himself several questions. What is the value of Pixar’s alliance with Disney

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

American Industrialization Free Essays

American Industrialization Nathan Bates AIU Online Abstract This paper explores industrialization and how the process impacted events in American history. The American Industrial Revolution was immensely consequential and influenced events which have produced the modern society of today. Secondly, this essay will provide descriptions of both, positive and negative, effects that industrialization has had on the lives of Americans and the nation as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on American Industrialization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly, an analysis of how the Industrial Revolution in American history served as a benefit or a detriment to the nation and the citizens of America. American Industrialization Historically, industrialization of any society marks an experience and phase of historic significance. In addition to practices such as farm production, societies are awarded the process of manufacturing, producing an astounding and substantial impact in every aspect of life (Beck, 1999). As a result of the American Industrial Revolution, modern society benefited from advances in technology, employment increases, and an overall improvement in the quality of daily life. American Industrial Revolution: Positive Effects Developments of industrialization positively affected Americans during the Industrial Revolution. Two advances during this period that had an impact on society and escalated American advancement were transportation and the creation of jobs. Transportation vastly improved the lives of citizens with the completion of roads, canal systems, steamboats, the Transcontinental Railroad and public mass transit (Lipovac, 2011). Innovations in textiles, steam power and iron works produced numerous jobs which brought many individuals looking for work into the cities (Bond, 2003). As people moved from rural to urban areas, cities progressed and expanded which led to vast amounts of innovations, greatly improving the quality of life for citizens as well as improved commerce and economy for the nation as a whole. American Industrial Revolution: Negative Effects The speed at which progression and innovation were occurring led to many negatives as the nation scrambled to adapt. Damage to the environment as well as exploitation of workers are situations that arose during the Industrial Revolution. Factories and industry failed to adequately account for ecological considerations which have led to climate change being a modern day challenge (Han, 2012). Additionally, as employment exploded, the amount of hours worked, pay rates for employees, child labor practices, and workplace safety had little or no regulations (Hopkins, 1982). As time progressed many of the work place issues were addressed as well was the formation of organized labor which gave workers a voice. Despite the vast advantages the American Industrial Revolution provided society, the speed in which changes were taking place provided many opportunities to make mistakes and learn as a nation. Beneficial or Detrimental to America Overall, the events and innovations that created the American Industrial Revolution were immensely beneficial to the America we know today. Although there were many opportunities to learn from the changes the country encountered, the positive impact industrialization had on society was magnificent. Improvements in transportation caused the world as a whole to become a much smaller place as travel and communication greatly improved. Work place conditions and practices eventually became regulated, fair, and safer for the American workforce. Modern American society owes a great debt to industrialization as it was one of the most transformational series of events in the nation’s history. Conclusion Not unlike the prehistoric discovery of fire and the wheel, American industrialization left future generations with a foundation and the tools for unprecedented innovation. The more recent revolution in technology, namely the internet and cell phone devices, owe a debt to the revolutionary period of American industrialization. The United States as well as society worldwide has continued to grow, expand, and continuously innovate in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. References Beck, R. (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: McDougal Littell. Retrieved from http://www. owasso. k12. ok. us/webpages/gyankey/regadvhandouts. cfm? ubpage=174609 Bond, Gingerich, Archer-Antonsen, Purcell, amp; Macklem (2003-02-17). â€Å"The Industrial Revolution – Innovations†. Industrialrevolution. sea. ca. Retrieved 2011-01-30. Han, S. (2012). From the Industrial Revolution to a green revolution. OECD Observer, 94-95. Hopkins, E. (1982). Working Hours and Conditions During the Industrial Revolution: A Re-Appraisal. Economic History Review, 35(1), 52-66. Lipovac, N. , amp; Jandricek, A. (2011). THE LAND SURVEY AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IMPACT UPON MAKING OF AMERICAN CITIES. Prostor, 19(2), 443-455.    How to cite American Industrialization, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Why I Write an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Why I Write Joan Didions thesis statement in her essay entitled Why I Write is revealed in paragraph three wherein she states that, I stole the title not only because the words sounded right but because they seemed to sum up, in a no-nonsense way, all I have to tell you. Like many writers I have only this one subject, this one area: the act of writing. I can bring you no reports from any other front (Didion, n.d. p.1). The quoted statement contains the thesis of the essay, personally, because it gives the readers an impression and notion that what she is about to tell on the subsequent paragraphs has certainly something to do with her act of writing. Need essay sample on "Why I Write" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The very idea of the act of writing is already somehow imposed on her introduction which states, In many ways writing is the act of saying I, of imposing oneself upon other people, of saying listen to me, see it my way, change your mind (Didion, n.d. p.1) With that, Didion has already caught the readers attention, as if ordering and demanding that we, readers, definitely need to listen to her and to see things in ways she has seen it and she has written. The body of the essay, presented in the subsequent paragraphs, supports her thesis statement through the examples that she has given. They may not seem to appear as examples however, she presents them in a way that the readers will craft ideas in their mind about her ways, approaches and manners of writingnarrating examples that are anchored on her personal experiences but still reveal them in a manner that she expresses her act of writing. Take for example her recount: I would try to read linguistic theory and would find myself wondering instead if the lights were on in the bevatron up the hill. When I say that I was wondering if the lights were on in the bevatron you might immediately suspect, if you deal in ideas at all, that I was registering the bevatron as a political symbol, thinking in shorthand about the military-industrial complex and its role in the university community, but you would be wrong. I was only wondering if the lights were on in the bevatron, and how they looked. A physical fact (Didion, n.d. p.2). Students Often Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm don't want to write my essay online. I want to spend time with my friendsEssay writers advise:Professionals Are Creating Successful College Custom Essays!Essay Writing Service Essay Writing Service Reviews Steps in Writing an Assignment Writing Services Her tone of voice, the persona in the literature, has also helped sustain the thesis statement. The way she comes up and presents her ideas with regards to the manner of writing can definitely be unveiled in the rest of the paragraphs such as: When I talk about pictures in my mind I am talking, quite specifically, about images that shimmer around the edges. There used to be an illustration in every elementary psychology book showing a cat drawn by a patient in varying stages of schizophrenia. Im not a schizophrenic, nor do I take hallucinogens, but certain images do shimmer for me. Look hard enough and you cant miss the shimmer. Its there. You cant think too much about these pictures that shimmer. You just lie low and let them develop. You stay quiet. You dont talk to many people and you keep your nervous system from shorting out and you try to locate the cat in the shimmer, the grammar in the picture (Didion, n.d. p.3-4). Definitely, her main points in her essay revolve in the core idea of writinghow she writes and why she writes. It involves the conceptions of ideas and images, the construction of sentences, phrases and the shimmering of thingsthe grammar. Didion writes and expresses her ideas in a photographical and philosophical manner. She sees things in details and in different angles, just like how a photographer manipulates his or her pictures in a viewfinder; Didion has also the power to maneuver her images in words, portraying and illustrating pictures in diverse angles and focus. She writes philosophically, making me remember the famous line of Socrates, the only thing I know is that I know nothing. In Why I Write, Didion divulges a statement somewhat akin to Socrates, she declares, I knew that I was no legitimate resident in any world of ideas. I knew I couldnt think. All I knew then was what I couldnt do. All I knew then was what I wasnt, and it took me some years to discover what I was (Didion, n.d. p.1). From the statement, Didion bestows the readers the idea that prior to her discovery that she is a writer; she is someone who does not belong in the world of ideas, in the world of images. However, it must not be explained how she becomes a writer, especially why she writes because her conclusion says and implies so, Let me tell you one thing about why writers write: had I known the answer to any of these questions I would never have needed to write a novel (Didion, n.d. p.8). Didions Why I Write offers a myriad of ideas that will definitely prick in the readers headthat writers have the power to impose things upon other peopleespecially if the writer utilizes the first person point of view in writing, which is I. It entails and insists upon the readers, listen to me, see it my way, change your mind (Didion, n.d. p.1). Reference: Didion, J. (n.d). Why I Write.

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Free Essays on Jonathan Swift

and the meanings behind them. Using satire, which the Oxford American Dictionary defines simply as â€Å"the use of ridicule or irony or sarcasm in speech or writing,† Swift is able to address many issues which he feels are of importance. Although they are very different works, the poem â€Å"A Description of a City Shower† and the novel Gulliver’s Travels are examples of Swift’s satire at its best. â€Å"A Description of a City Shower† discusses the problems that occur when it rains in London. Each stanza describes a different part of the storm, starting from the very first signs going all the way to its effects on the people. The first 12 lines discuss the warning signs that a storm is approaching: cats stop chasing their tails and head for safety, and people’s old aches and pains start bothering them again. Those who are able take cover, while the rest hurry to go home. The storm begins in lines 13-30. A man walks down the street in an effort to escape the storm while a careless woman dumps her bucket of dirty water out the window, onto the man. Once trying desperately to escape the foul weather, the man now finds himself dirty, wet and defeated. Lines 31-63 deal with the effects of the storm and what happens in the city. When Swift writes, â€Å"Triumphant Tories and desponding Whigs / Forget their feuds, and join to save their wigs† (41-42), he could be referring to them in two ways, one being an ideal view; where the two opposing political parties join together for once instead of letting their political views stand in their way. Another possibility, however, is that S... Free Essays on Jonathan Swift Free Essays on Jonathan Swift It's Not Insanity, It's Satire At first glance, Jonathan Swift’s writings are considered nothing more than a big joke, not possible to take seriously. Stories of devouring children, traveling to far-away lands, or giving a detailed account of a thunderstorm can leave readers questioning Swift’s sanity- until they realize the weight of his words and the meanings behind them. Using satire, which the Oxford American Dictionary defines simply as â€Å"the use of ridicule or irony or sarcasm in speech or writing,† Swift is able to address many issues which he feels are of importance. Although they are very different works, the poem â€Å"A Description of a City Shower† and the novel Gulliver’s Travels are examples of Swift’s satire at its best. â€Å"A Description of a City Shower† discusses the problems that occur when it rains in London. Each stanza describes a different part of the storm, starting from the very first signs going all the way to its effects on the people. The first 12 lines discuss the warning signs that a storm is approaching: cats stop chasing their tails and head for safety, and people’s old aches and pains start bothering them again. Those who are able take cover, while the rest hurry to go home. The storm begins in lines 13-30. A man walks down the street in an effort to escape the storm while a careless woman dumps her bucket of dirty water out the window, onto the man. Once trying desperately to escape the foul weather, the man now finds himself dirty, wet and defeated. Lines 31-63 deal with the effects of the storm and what happens in the city. When Swift writes, â€Å"Triumphant Tories and desponding Whigs / Forget their feuds, and join to save their wigs† (41-42), he could be referring to them in two ways, one being an ideal view; where the two opposing political parties join together for once instead of letting their political views stand in their way. Another possibility, however, is that S...

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Starburst Galaxies

Starburst Galaxies The universe is filled with galaxies, which are themselves filled with stars. At some point in its life, each galaxy bristled with star formation in vast clouds of hydrogen gas. Even today, some galaxies seem to have more than the usual amount of star birth activity and astronomers want to know why. There were so many stars being born in some galaxies in earlier times that they probably looked like cosmic fireworks bursts. Astronomers refer to these hotbeds of star birth as starburst galaxies. Key Takeaways: Starburst Galaxies Starburst galaxies are galaxies where high rates of star formation has occurred very quickly.Nearly all types of galaxies can undergo starburst events if conditions are right.Astronomers know that starburst galaxies are often involved in mergers that mingle stars and gas. Shock waves push the gas, which sets off the starburst activity. Starburst galaxies have unusually high  rates of star formation, and those bursts last for a short time during the galaxys long life. Thats because star formation burns through the gas reserves of the galaxy very quickly. It is likely that the sudden burst of star birth is triggered by a specific event. In most cases, a galaxy merger does the trick. Thats when two or more galaxies mesh together in a long gravitational dance and eventually meld together. During the merger, the gases of all the galaxies involved are mixed together. The collision sends shock waves through those gas clouds, which compress the gases and set off bursts of star formation.   Properties of Starburst Galaxies Starburst galaxies are not a  new type of galaxy, but rather simply a galaxy (or mingled galaxies) in a particular phase of their evolution. Even so, there are some properties that show up in most starburst galaxies: a very rapid star formation rate. These galaxies will produce stars at rates well above the average rate of most regular galaxies; availability of gas and dust. Some galaxies may have higher than normal star-formation rates simply due to their high volumes of gas and dust. However, some starburst galaxies do not a have the reserves to justify why they would have such high rates of star formation, so mergers may not be the only explanation;star formation rate is inconsistent with the age of the galaxy. The main point is that the current rate of star formation could not have been constant since the formation of the galaxy given its age. An older galaxy simply wouldnt have enough gas left over to keep up starbirth action for billions of years. In some starburst galaxies astronomers see a sudden burst of star birth, and often the explanation is a merger or chance encounter with another galaxy. Astronomers sometimes also compare the rate of star formation in a galaxy relative to its rotational period. If, for example, the galaxy exhausts all of its available gas during one rotation of the galaxy (given the high star formation rate), then it can be considered a starburst galaxy. The Milky Way rotates once every 220 million years; some galaxies go much slower, others faster. Another widely accepted method to see if a galaxy is a starburst is to compare the star formation rate against the age of the universe. If the current rate would exhaust all of the available gas in less time than 13.7 billion years, then its possible that a given galaxy may be in a starburst state.   Annotated image showing dazzling eyelid-like features bursting with stars in galaxy IC 2163. A tsunami of stars and gas triggered by a glancing collision with galaxy NGC 2207 (a portion of its spiral arm is shown on right side of image). ALMA image of carbon monoxide (orange), which revealed motion of the gas in these features, is shown on top of Hubble image (blue) of the galaxy. M. Kaufman; B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF); ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Types of Starburst Galaxies Starburst activity can occur in galaxies ranging from spirals to irregulars. Astronomers who study these objects classify them into sub-types that help describe their ages and other characteristics. Starburst galaxy types include: Wolf-Rayet galaxies:  defined by their ratio of bright stars that fall into the Wolf-Rayet classification. Galaxies of this type have regions of high stellar wind, driven by the Wolf-Rayet stars. Those stellar monsters are incredibly massive and luminous and have very high rates of mass loss. The winds that they produce can collide with regions of gas and drive rapid star formation.Blue compact galaxies:  low mass galaxies that were once thought to be young galaxies, just beginning to form stars. However, they usually contain populations of very old stars. That usually is a good clue that the galaxy is quite old. Astronomers now suspect that blue compact galaxies are actually the result of mergers between galaxies of varying ages. Once they collide, starburst activity ramps up and lights up the galaxies.Luminous infrared galaxies:  dim, hidden galaxies that are difficult to study because they contain high levels of dust that can obscure observation. Typically infrared radiation   detected by telescopes is used to penetrate the dust. That provides clues to increased star formation. Some of these objects have been found to contain multiple supermassive black holes, which can shut down star formation. The increase in star birth in such galaxies has to be the result of a recent galaxy merger. Cause of Increased Star Formation Although the merger of galaxies is pinpointed as the main cause of star birth in these galaxies, the exact processes are not well understood. Partially, this is due to the fact that starburst galaxies come in many shapes and sizes, so there may be more than one condition that leads to increased star formation. However, for a starburst galaxy to even form, there must be lots of gas available to generate the new stars. Also, something must disturb the gas, to begin the gravitational collapse process that leads to the creation of new objects. Those two requirements led astronomers to suspect galaxy mergers and shock waves as two processes that can lead to starburst galaxies.   Centaurus A galaxy has a massive black hole at its heart that is actively gobbling up material. The actions of such active galactic nuclei may play a role in starbursts in galaxies.   ESO/WFI (Optical); MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al. (Submillimetre); NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al. (X-ray) Two other possibilities for the cause of starburst galaxies include: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): Virtually all galaxies contain a supermassive black hole in their core. Some galaxies appear to be in a state of high activity, where the central black hole is ejecting massive amounts of energy.  There is a great deal of evidence to show that the presence of such a black hole can dampen star formation activity. However, in the case of these so-called active  galactic nuclei, they can also, under the right conditions, trigger rapid star formation as the accretion of matter in a disk and its eventual ejection away from the black hole can create shockwaves that could trigger star formation.High supernova rates: Supernovae are violent events. If the rate of explosions increases due to the presence of a very high number of aging stars in a compact area, the resulting shockwaves can begin a rapid increase in star formation. However, this such an event to occur the conditions would have to be ideal; more so than in the other possibilities listed here. A supernova can push clouds of nearby gas around spur limited amounts of starbirth. This supernova is shown in a Hubble Space Telescope view of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant. NASA/ESA/STScI Starburst galaxies remain an active area of investigation by astronomers. The more they find, the better scientists can describe the actual conditions that lead up to the bright bursts of star formation that populate these galaxies.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Global business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global business - Essay Example Particularly this discussion will be looking at the issues that American businesses going in Russia need to understand in order to formulate effective entry strategy. These two countries have major cultural difference in language, authority, customs and norms thus conducting businesses in Russia present a communication and management challenge. Communication is essential for any business, Russia unlike America has several official language due to the large number of ethnic communities of about one hundred (Bloshteyn, 2007). This will need the company to have people who understand a variety of these ethnic languages while in US English is their official language. Body language help to convey certain messages like nodding the head to show agreement Russians do not use body language as such like Americans do but are said to be very emotion for instance they can walk out on you during a meeting to show disagreement. Authority in Russia is centralized and chain of commands are from top to bottom and the juniors staff are expected to perform their tasks without any questioning while the Americans top managers give directions and give room for debating. Russians organizational structures are very bureaucratic in nature and this makes it difficult to do business for instance according to an executive director of Russo-British commerce chamber Stephen Danziel, ‘‘you have to fill forms for all most everything and have them signed by the right authorities usually in triplicate’’. According to Trompenaars & Woolliams ( 2003), culture is the core value of any society, businesses have to understand the cultural background of the customer in order to be able to meet their needs. The ideologies and gender views of these two countries are different, Russians are seen as communalism and believe in collectivity while Americans are entrepreneurship and very competitive. Therefore Amer icans businesses need to be aware of these background which will enable the

Monday, February 3, 2020

Reality TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Reality TV - Essay Example In recent decades, the media has covered the analysis that the reality shows almost around the world have brought an enormous popularity as well as profitability, implicating a promising growing trend of such phenomenon in practice (Holmes & Jermyn, 2004, 302 pp.). However, not all the reality shows are very successful in particular, though they bring the attention of mass with its significant increasing popularity as well as cultural prominence. On the other hand, this does not necessarily imply that they are good in societal context or that they ought to be aired. This paper aims at criticising the essentiality of regulatory bodies to effectively ensure the respect for human dignity of participants in reality TV show by providing empirical evidences. The significant part of the popularity achieved by such programmes is primarily due to the involvement of ordinary individuals within extraordinary framework. Reality television shows possess the potentiality to portray an ordinary individual into national celebrities in the sense of encouraging his or her outwardly in endowment as well as making them to participate in performance-based programmes such as Pop Idol, however, programmes like Survivor as well as Big Brother have the capacity to make their participants to accomplish some level of celebrity phenomenon. Some of the critics of reality television shows have argued with its description as a 'r... he potentiality to portray an ordinary individual into national celebrities in the sense of encouraging his or her outwardly in endowment as well as making them to participate in performance-based programmes such as Pop Idol, however, programmes like Survivor as well as Big Brother have the capacity to make their participants to accomplish some level of celebrity phenomenon. Some of the critics of reality television shows have argued with its description as a 'reality-based show' as they explain several reasons for it such as the inclusion of several programmes under single genre. Big Brothers and Survivor, the reality based competitive programmes, as well as living arrangement shows like The Real World, the regulatory bodies essentially design the layout of the show and govern the daily activities of the participants in order to formulate the environment based on which the competition rules out which in essence involves the psycho-drama consisting of challenges, events, behaviours, emotions and conflicts in a pre-defined scenario (Anderson 1995, p.36). Mark Burnett, the originator of Survivor, also elucidates and agrees with the statement of not deszcribing the reality show as 'reality show'. He emphasizes the reality show as being a 'good stories of unscripted dramatization' (online). The second criticism mainly stems from the idea that the reality sho w producers may become highly premeditated in their editing process that may vary from altering chronology and selective appearance of the events to portraying specific participants as heroes or villains in particular (Anderson 1994, p. 8-13). The third criticism may be encountered as the counterpart of the second criticism in which it has been noticed that the participants by themselves modify their behaviour and

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Composition Of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets Biology Essay

Composition Of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets Biology Essay (28) Karalis et al in 2008 discussed the issues in the conference involved physiological factors affecting drug absorption, the role of pre-systemic effects on bioavailability (BA), the impact of variability in bioequivalence (BE) studies, and a final closing panel session on unresolved issues in BA/BE regulations. Several important aspects of drug absorption were highlighted. It was presented how the complexity of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and the site dependent absorption can impact on drug BA. Similarly, the effects of food and formulation were also studied. The second session focused on integrating the complexities of GI into modeling the inter-individual variability of absorption and the prediction of first-pass metabolism from in-vitro data. The necessity to measure metabolites, the value of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), and the more recently proposed Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) were assessed as well. This session clo sed with presentations of pharmacokinetic software delegates. In the second day of the conference, the problem of high intra-subject variability in BE studies was analyzed. Study design considerations, the use of multiple-dose studies and the role of statistics in BE were also highlighted. Finally, the current thinking of regulatory authorities (EMEA and US-FDA) was presented. The conference closed with a last session on unresolved issues in the regulatory level. EXPERIMENTAL Tablets are the most popular dosage forms of Pharmaceutical product. A typical tablet formulation consists of the Active Pharmaceutical ingredient(s), fillersdisintigrant, lubricant and other inactive ingredients (e.g. binder, glidant and colors) a formulation scientist must conduct a thorough both to optimize a formulation so that it meets all specification and to ensure safety and efficacy. The specification for pharmaceutical tablets usually include appearance, weight, uniformity of contant, diameter, Thickness, friability, dissolution, disintegration, Hardness, Assay, Organolaptic character other product specific requirements. These specifications are established to ensure that the tablets will have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand packaging, shipping and handling and are physically and chemically stable to deliver the accurate amount of drug at the desired dissolution rate when consumed by the patient. Any changes in these characteristics may significantly affect the safety and efficacy of the product. FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE BY DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD Direct compression is a preferred manufacturing process for pharmaceutical tablets, according to survey conducted by Shangraw and Demarest. In this study Amlodipine besylate was directly compressed by using three different formulation i.e. with different diluent,bibder,filler,disintigrant and lubricant.In this study we were not only study the biowaivers effect of different marketed brands and formulation of Amlodipine Besylate but also manufactured and developed three different formulation by reducind the cost and increased quality perspects. MATERIAL AND METHOD CHEMICALS. COMPOSITION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE TABLETS. FORMULATION NO.1 S.NO. Material Name Quanty per Tablet (mg) Percentage composition (%) Quantity for 100 tablets (gm) 1 Amlodipine Besylate 5 5 0.5 2 Avecil 102 47 47 4.7 3 Starch Pregelitinized 47.75 47.75 4.775 4 Magnesium stearate 0.25 0.25 0.025 Target compression weight is 100mg containing 5 mg active FORMULATION NO.2 S.NO. Material Name Quanty per Tablet (mg) Percentage composition (%) Quantity for 100 tablets (gm) 1 Amlodipine Besylate 5 5 0.5 2 Avecil 101 47 47 4.7 3 Avecil 102 47 47 4.7 4 Magnesium stearate 1 1 0.1 Target compression weight is 100mg containing 5 mg active FORMULATION NO.3 S.NO. Material Name Quanty per Tablet (mg) Percentage composition (%) Quantity for 100 tablets (gm) 1 Amlodipine Besylate 5 5 0.5 2 Avecil 102 49 49 4.9 3 Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous 44 44 4.4 4 Sodium Starch Glycolate 4 4 0.4 5 Magnesium stearate 1 1 0.1 Target compression weight is 100mg containing 5 mg active EQUIPMENTS Rotary press ( ZP19) Electronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S) Mixer ( polyethylene bag ) Sieve # 20 METHOD Three new formulation of Amlodipine Besylate were developed using three directly compressible agents i.e. microcrystalline cellulose (Avecil 101 and 102), starch pregelatinized and Dibasic Calcium Phosphate in order to check the multi purpose excipients. First active and all excipients were weighed accurately using Sartorious TE 214S, The weighed materials were screened through 20 mesh size sieve and then mixing of powders was performed by geometric dilution method in polythene bag. First active was mixed with diluents by tumbling action and then one by one other ingredients of formulation were mixed together. All the ingredients were thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform distribution of all the ingredients throughout the formulation. Flow chart of manufacturing process Weighing of active and excipients Sieving y 20 mesh size Mixing of active and diluent Addition of other ingredients Addition of lubricant and mixing Tableting PHYSICAL TESTING OF TABLET Amlodipine Besylate tablets were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties by performing different pharmacopoeial test, i.e by official and unofficial tests including tablets weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution, Thickness, diameter and content uniformity and results were statistically analyzed and compared with marketed brands of Amlodipine Besylate named as test formulation # 1, test formulation # 2, test formulation # 3 TABLET THICKNESS AND DIAMETER The dimensional specifications of tablets are important for many reasons. The measurement of the thickness and the diameter of a tablet usually accomplished by the use of micrometer (Vernier) calipers. The value is initially employed as in process control during production. UNIFORMITY OF THICKNESS EQUIPMENTS Vernier caliper METHOD Tablet thickness is determined with a caliper or thickness gauge, which measures the thickness in millimeters. In this study, twenty tablets were taken and their thicknesses were determined using vernier caliper. Results were statistically analyzed using three sigma control chart. LIMITS A plus or minus 5% standard deviation may be allowed, depending on the size of the tablet.Out of twenty tablets only two tablets will be allowed to exceed the limit. UNIFORMITY OF DIAMETER OF TABLETS EQUIPMENT Vernier caliper METHOD Twenty tablets were taken and their diameters were determined using vernier caliper. . Results were statistically analyzed using three sigma control chart. LIMITS A deviation of  ±5% from the stated diameter is allowed except that for diameters exceeding 12.5mm the deviation allowed is  ±3%.Out of 20 tablets only 2 tablets will be allowed to exceed the limit. FRIABILITY TEST A certain weight of tablets ,are subjected to a well defined level of agitation in a fixed geometry,closed container for a specific time.They are then again reweighted.The measure of abrasion resistance or FRIABILITYis usually expressed as a percentage loss in weight. EQUIPMENT Electronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S) Friabilator (Erweka Germany) METHOD Preweight samples of 20tablets were taken and subjected to the combined effect of shock abrasion by utilizing the plastic chamber which revolved at 25rpm for 4minutes, droped the tablet at a distance of 6 inches with each revolution. Then the tablets were removed, dedusted and reweighed. LIMITS Values of friability of 0.8 to 1.0% are frequently quoted as the upper level of acceptability for pharmaceutical product. Generally the test is run once. If the results are doubtful for if weight loss is greater than 1% repeats the test twice and determines the mean of the three tests. A maximum weight of 1% of the weight of the tablets to be tested is considered to be acceptable for most products. HARDNESS TEST This test is intended to determined under defined conditions,the resistance to crushing of tablets,measured by the forced needed to disturp them by crushing apparatus.Probably the most widely used technique is testing of crushing strength presisly defined as that compressional force which,when applied diametrically to a tablet,just fractures it. EQUIPMENT Hardness tester (Pharma test) METHOD Twenty tablets of every sample of brands and test formulation were taken and their hardness was determined using Pharma test hardness tester. In this type of tester load is applied at a constant rate by an electric motor. Results were statistically analyzed using three sigma control chart. LIMITS Hardness will be measured in kg.Out of twenty tablets; only two tablets are allowed to exceed the limit. DISINTIGRATION TEST FOR TABLETS Disintegration Test determines whether tablets or capsules disintegrate within the prescribed time when placed in the liquid medium in the experimental condition prescribed. For compressed uncoated tablets the testing fluid is usually water at 37  °C, but in some cases monographs direct that simulated gastric fluid TS be used. This test is provided to determine whether tablets or capsules disintegrate within the prescribed time when placed in a liquid medium under the experimental conditions presented below. For the purposes of this test, disintegration does not imply complete dissolution of the unit or even of its active constituent. Complete disintegration is defined as that State in which any residue of the unit, except fragments of insoluble coating or capsule shell, remaining on the screen of the test apparatus or adhering to the lower surface of the discs, if used, is a soft mass having no palpably firm core. Use apparatus A for tablets and capsules that are not greater than 18 mm long. For larger tablets or capsules use apparatus B. APPARATUSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ The apparatus consists of a basket-rack assembly, a 1 liter, low-form beaker, 149  ± 11 mm in height and having an inside diameter of 106  ± 9 mm for the immersion fluid, a thermostatic arrangement for heating the fluid between 35  °C and 39  °C, and a device for raising and lowering the basket in the immersion fluid at a constant frequency rate between 29 and 32 cycles per minute, through a distance of 55  ± 2 mm. The volume of the fluid in the vessel is such that at the highest point of the upward stroke the wire mesh remains at least 15 mm below the surface of the fluid, and descends to not less than 25 mm from the bottom of the vessel on the downward stroke. At no time should the top of the basket-rack assembly become submerged. The time required for the upward stroke is equal to the time required for the downward stroke, and the change in stroke direction is a smooth transition, rather than an abrupt reversal of motion. The basket-rack assembly moves vertically along i ts axis. There is no appreciable horizontal motion or movement of the axis from the vertical. BASKET-RACK ASSEMBLYà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ The basket-rack assembly consists of 6 open-ended transparent tubes, each 77.5  ± 2.5 mm long and having an inside diameter of 21.85  ± 1.15 mm and a wall 1.9  ± 0.9 mm thick; the tubes are held in a vertical position by 2 plates, each 90  ± 2 mm in diameter and 6.75  ± 1.75 mm in thickness, with 6 holes, each 24  ± 2 mm in diameter, equidistant from the centre of the plate and equally spaced from one another. Attached to the under surface of the lower plate is a woven stainless steel wire cloth, which has a plain square weave with 2.0  ± 0.2 mm mesh apertures and with a wire diameter of 0.615  ± 0.045 mm. The parts of the apparatus are assembled and rigidly held by means of 3 bolts passing through the 2 plates. A suitable means is provided to suspend the basket-rack assembly from the raising and lowering device using a point on its axis. The design of the basket-rack assembly may be varied somewhat provided the specifications for the glass tubes and the screen mesh s ize are maintained. The basket-rack assembly conforms to the dimensions. DISCSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ The use of discs is permitted only where specified or allowed. Each tube is provided with a cylindrical disc 9.5  ± 0.15 mm thick and 20.7  ± 0.15 mm in diameter. The disc is made of a suitable, transparent plastic material having a specific gravity of 1.18-1.20. 5 parallel 2  ± 0.1 mm holes extend between the ends of the cylinder. One of the holes is centered on the cylindrical axis. The other holes are centered 6  ± 0.2 mm from the axis on imaginary lines perpendicular to the axis and parallel to each other. 4 identical trapezoidal-shaped planes are cut into the wall of the cylinder, nearly perpendicular to the ends of the cylinder. The trapezoidal shape is symmetrical; its parallel sides coincide with the ends of the cylinder and are parallel to an imaginary line connecting the centres of 2 adjacent holes 6 mm from the cylindrical axis. The parallel side of the trapezoid on the bottom of the cylinder has a length of 1.6  ± 0.1 mm and its bottom edge s lie at a depth of 1.6  ± 0.1 mm from the cylinders circumference. The parallel side of the trapezoid on the top of the cylinder has a length of 9.4  ± 0.2 mm and its centre lies at a depth of 2.6  ± 0.1 mm from the cylinders circumference. All surfaces of the disc are smooth. If the use of discs is specified, add a disc to each tube and operate the apparatus as directed under Procedure. The discs conform to the dimensions. The use of automatic detection employing modified discs is permitted where the use of discs is specified or allowed. Such discs must comply with the requirements of density and dimension. PROCEDUREà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Place 1 dosage unit in each of the 6 tubes of the basket and, if prescribed, add a disc. Operate the apparatus using the specified medium, maintained at 37  ± 2  °C, as the immersion fluid. At the end of the specified time, lift the basket from the fluid and observe the dosage units: all of the dosage units have disintegrated completely. If 1 or 2 dosage units fail to disintegrate, repeat the test on 12 additional dosage units. The requirements of the test are met if not less than 16 of the 18 dosage units tested have disintegrated. EQUIPMENT Disintegrating Apparatus (Pharma Test) METHODà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Test 6 tablets or capsules either by using 2 basket-rack assemblies in parallel or by repeating the procedure. In each of the 3 tubes, place 1 tablet or capsule and, if prescribed, add a disc; suspend the assembly in the beaker containing the specified liquid. Operate the apparatus for the prescribed period, withdraw the assembly and examine the state of the tablets or capsules. To pass the test, all 6 of the tablets or capsules must have disintegrated. LIMITS All tablets must disintegrate completely, if one or two tablets fails to disintegrate, the test is to be repeated using 12 tablets. Out of the 18 tablets then tested,16 must have disintegrated within the given period of time .The condition of the test are varied somewhat for coated tablets,buccal tablets and sublingual tablets. Disintegration time are included in the individual tablet monograph. For most uncoated tablets the period is less than 15 minutes although the time for some uncoated tablets varied greatly from this. WEIGHT VARIATION Most pharmacopoeias include a simple weight test on a specified number of tablet(N) which are weight individually and the arithmetic mean weight calculated.Limitations on the number of test tablets that may lie outside certain limits are than specified.However,in the USP the results of the assay are used to convert these weights into active ingredients content. EQUIPMENTS Electronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S) METHOD Twenty tablets of every samples were taken randomly and eight individually, and then average weight was determined. LIMITS According to USP not more than two of the tablets must not differ by more than the percentage listed below, no tablet differs by more than double that percentage. Tablets that are coated are exempt from these requirements but most conform to the test for content uniformity if it is applicable. The USP has provided tolerance for the average weight of uncoated compressed tablets. These are applicable when the tablets contain 50mg or more of the drug substances or when the matter comprises 50% or more, by weight, of the dosage form. Average Weight %age Difference 130mg or less 10 â‚ ¬Ã‚ ¾130mg to 324 mg 7.5 More than 324mg 5 ASSAY: AMLODIPINE BESYLATE REAGENTS 0.1N Sodium Hydroxide in Methanol Dimethyl formamide (DMF) STANDARD SOLUTION 50mcg/ml of Amlodipine Besylate in DMF. SAMPLESOLUTION Extract appropriate quantity of powdered sample with DMF to get concentration of 50mcg/ml. PROEDURE To 2ml each of sample and standard solution, add 0.2ml of Sodium hydroxide solution and dilute to 10ml with DMF and measure the absorption of orange chromatogen at 450nm against reagent blank. Calculate the contents of amlodipine by comparison.(237) AMLODIPINE BESYLATE The tablets comply with the requirment stated under tablet and with the following requirment. CONTENT OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE C20H25ClN2O5,C6H6O3S 97.0% to 102.0% (Anhydrous substance) CHEMICALS Sodium hydroxide pellets Methanol N-N Dimethyl Formamide EQUIPMENT AND GLASS WARES Electronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S) UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Double beam Shimadzu 1650PC ) Volumetric Flask (100ml,Pyrex England) Volumetric Flask (10ml,Pyrex England) Pipettes (10ml Pyrex England) Pipettes (2ml Pyrex England) Conical Flasks (Pyrex England) Beaker (Pyrex England) Filter paper (Whatman #42) METHOD Weigh and powder 20tablets of amlodipine Besylate 5mg (DC). Take quantity of the powder containing 5mg of amlodipine Besylate (average weight) in a 100ml volumetric flask and add N-N Dimethyl Formamide into it and mix thoroughly with the help of magnetic stirrer and then make up the volume up to 100ml.Then take 2ml from first dilution into a 10ml volumetric flask, add 0.2l of 0.1N Sodium hydroxide solution in 10ml volumetric flask then make up volume with N-N Dimethyl Formamide.Then take the absorbance at 450nm on spectrophotometer and calculate the content of amlodipine Besylate. CALCULATION (AMLODIPINE BESYLATE mgtablet) % ASSAY = Abs of sp X__ 100 Abs of STD UNIFORMITY OF CONTENT The test for uniformity of content of single-dose preparations is based on the assay of the individual contents of active substance(s) of a number of single-dose units to determine whether the individual contents are within limits set with reference to the average content of the sample. Tablets containing highly potent medicaments present in milligram or microgram does may be subject to a large inter tablet variation. This may be due to failure to achieve a homogenous mix of active ingredient and exciient during manufacture. The test is not required for multivitamin and trace-element preparations and in other justified and authorized circumstances. Methodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Using a suitable analytical method determines the individual contents of active substance(s) of 10 dosage units taken at random. Apply the criteria of test A, test B or test C as specified in the monograph for the dosage form in question. Test A Tablets, powders for parenteral use, ophthalmic inserts, suspensions for injection Test B Capsules, powders other than for parenteral use, granules, suppositories, pessaries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Test C Transdermal patches Test A Tablets, powders for parenteral use, ophthalmic inserts, suspensions for injectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ The preparation complies with the test if each individual content is between 85 per cent and 115 per cent of the average content. The preparation fails to comply with the test if more than one individual content is outside these limits or if one individual content is outside the limits of 75 percent to 125 percent of the average content. If one individual content is outside the limits of 85 percent to 115 percent but within the limits of 75 percent to 125 percent, determine the individual contents of another 20 dosage units taken at random. The preparation complies with the test if not more than one of the individual contents of the 30 units is outside 85 percent to 115 percent of the average content and none is outside the limits of 75 percent to 125 per cent of the average content. CONTENT UNIFORMITY C.U = Abs of Sample X wt of std X 100 X 100 Abs of STD X 100 X LC * LC =Label claim DISSOLUTION This test is provided to determine compliance with the dissolution requirements for solid dosage forms administered orally. Apparatus 1 (Basket apparatus)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ the assembly consists of the following: a vessel, which may be covered, made of glass or other inert, transparent material a motor; a drive shaft; and a cylindrical basket (stirring element). The vessel is partially immersed in a suitable water-bath of any convenient size or heated by a suitable device such as a heating jacket. The water-bath or heating device permits maintaining the temperature inside the vessel at 37  ± 0.5  °C during the test and keeping the dissolution medium in constant, smooth motion. No part of the assembly, including the environment in which the assembly is placed, contributes significant motion, agitation, or vibration beyond that due to the smoothly rotating stirring element. Apparatus that permits observation of the preparation and stirring element during the test is preferable. The vessel is cylindrical, with a hemispherical bottom and a capacity of 1 litre. Its height is 160-210 mm and its inside diamete r is 98-106 mm. Its sides are flanged at the top. A fitted cover may be used to retard evaporation.2 The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble that could affect the results. A speed-regulating device is used that allows the shaft rotation speed to be selected and maintained at a specified rate, within  ± 4 per cent. Shaft and basket components of the stirring element are fabricated of stainless steel, type 316 or equivalent, to the specifications shown in Figure 2.9.3.-1. A basket having a gold coating of about 2.5  µm (0.0001 inch) thick may be used. The dosage unit is placed in a dry basket at the beginning of each test. The distance between the inside bottom of the vessel and the bottom of the basket is maintained at 25  ± 2 mm during the test. Apparatus 2 (Paddle apparatus)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Use the assembly from Apparatus 1, except that a paddle formed from a blade and a shaft is used as the stirring element. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm from the vertical axis of the vessel, at any point, and rotates smoothly without significant wobble that could affect the results. The vertical center line of the blade passes through the axis of the shaft so that the bottom of the blade is flush with the bottom of the shaft. The paddle conforms to the specifications shown in Figure 2.9.3.-2. The distance of 25  ± 2 mm between the bottom of the blade and the inside bottom of the vessel is maintained during the test. The metallic or suitably inert, rigid blade and shaft comprise a single entity. A suitable two-part detachable design may be used provided the assembly remains firmly engaged during the test. The paddle blade and shaft may be coated with a suitable coating so as to make them inert. The dosage unit is allowed to sink to the bottom of the vessel before rotation of the blade is started. A small, loose piece of non-reactive material, such as not more than a few turns of wire helix, may be attached to dosage units that would otherwise float. An alternative sinker device is shown in Figure 2.9.3.-3. Other validated sinker devices may be used. DISSOLUTION MEDIUMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ 1.2 pH BUFFER DISSOLUTION MEDIA REAGENTS USED Htdrochloric Acid (Merck grade) Distilled and deionized water PREPARATION 0.1N HCl was used as 1.2pH buffer media. 4.5 pH BUFFER DISSOLUTION MEDIA REAGENTS USED Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (Merck,Germany) Distilled and deionized water PREPARATION 6.8gm of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate in1000ml DI water and adjust pH with Phosphoric acid. 6.8 pH BUFFER DISSOLUTION MEDIA REAGENTS USED 0.2M Potassium Dihydrogen hosphate 0.1M Sodium hydroxide Distilled and deionized water PREPARATION 0.2M KH2PO4 13.61gm of Potassium Dihydrogen hosphate in 500ml DI water. 0.1MNaOH 4gm in 500ml DI water. 6.8pH Buffer 250ml of 0.2M KH2PO4 and 112ml of 0.1MNaOH to make 1000ml with DI water. CALCULATION % age drug release = Abs of sp X100 Abs of STD SAMPLING SCHEDULE Sample were drawn at 5min then After 10min After 15min After 20min After 30min After 45min After 60min After 120min EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Usual experimental conditions are e.g.: Apparatus: paddle/basket â‚ ¬Ã‚  Volume of dissolution medium: 900 ml â‚ ¬Ã‚  Temperature of the dissolution medium: 37  °C ±1 °C â‚ ¬Ã‚  Agitation: paddle apparatus usually 50 rpm, basket apparatus usually 100 rpm â‚ ¬Ã‚  Sampling schedule: e.g.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min â‚ ¬Ã‚  Buffer: pH 1.2 (0.1 N HCl or SGF without enzymes), pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 (or SIF withoutenzymes); (pH should be ensured throughout the experiment; Ph.Eur. buffers recommended) CHEMICALS Buffer 1.2 pH (0.1N HCl) Buffer 4.5 pH Buffer 6.8 pH EQUIPMENT AND GLASS WARES Dissolution paddle apparatus Distillation plant Electronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S) UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Double beam Shimadzu 1650PC ) Volumetric Flask (100ml,Pyrex England) Pipettes (10ml Pyrex England) Pipettes graduated(2ml Pyrex England) Conical Flasks (Pyrex England) Beaker (Pyrex England) Filter paper (Whatman #42) PREPARATION OF STANDERD Accurately weight the standard and poured it into 100ml volumetric flask. The volume was made with the respective buffer and mixed,the stock solution was obtained. Then pippet out 1.1ml from the stock solution into another volumetric flask again made the volume with the respective buffer solution .Mixed it properly by shaking that was the first dilution and the required strength of standard was achieved to analyse. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE Placed the tablets of each brand into the vessel of paddle dissolutionhaving 900ml of resoective dissolution media. Switch on the apparatus and collect the sample according to the respective sampling interval that is 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 30min, 45min, 60min, and 120min. Every time the withdrawn media was replaced by the freh media.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Do This, Get That Guide On Writing Dissertation Service

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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Cuban Missile Crisis A Detrimental Event - 1300 Words

John F. Kennedy said at the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963 that, â€Å"It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization.† (Kennedy, 1963). The Cuban missile crisis was a detrimental event in the course of history. On October 22nd, 1962, John F. Kennedy gave his Cuban missile crisis oval office address. Kennedy gave this speech to inform Americans about the nuclear missile sites that the Soviet Union established in the island of Cuba. (Kennedy, President Kennedy s Cuban Missile Crisis Oval Office Address, 1962) I chose this speech because did I not only find it very interesting, but it described very well the events that were happening at the time. In addition, the way that Kennedy informed the public and presented the speech was great in getting their attention and presenting the facts. Kennedy’s speech was televised and radio transmitted in order to better reach the general public. My father, having lived in Cuba during the Cold war and the Cuban missile crisis, has told me many stories about how life was like in the country and things that were going on. However, there was only so much that he could remember and was able to tell me. Due to this I decided to choose this speech in order to learn more about the situation in which my father grew up in and how this affected not only the later years in his life but also the ones of the other people in both Cuba and the United States. I alsoShow MoreRelatedCuban Missile Crisis : The Height Of The Cuban War1307 Words   |  6 PagesCuban Missile Crisis At the height of the Cuban War, the United States and the Soviet Union risked nuclear confrontation in an event known as the Cuban missile crisis. The Event was the closest the two countries came to a nuclear war. Even though the confrontation lasted a span of 13 days the crisis is considered one of the most fascinating events in American history due to the fact the war could have led to the destruction of the world. â€Å"When Fidel Castro’s revolutionary July 26 Movement assumedRead MoreCuban Missle Crisis and the Realist Perspective Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 brought the world closer than it had ever been to nuclear war. This makes the crisis one of the most essential events in international affairs history, demonstrating a great example of the realist perspectives and other important aspects of international relations. Primarily, the origins of the Cuban Missile Crisis can be readily attributed to the realist perspective. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy launched the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, which was a thwartedRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: An Influential Person Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational relations at Harvard University. 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Spain began to colonize Cuba among other Caribbean islands in the 16th century and utilized the island asRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cuban Missile Crisis1978 Words   |  8 PagesAccount for the disharmony between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cuban missile crisis. The occurrence of the Cuban missile crisis remains the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war. The placement of Soviet nuclear weaponry on the island of Cuba in October 1962, sparked thirteen days in which the Cold war grew increasingly hotter as tensions between the two superpowers escalated. However, despite marking a turning point in US-Soviet relations it could be argued that OperationRead MoreCuba1197 Words   |  5 Pages(Discuss its culture) The island is located only 90 miles from Florida and is alligator-shaped. Its the biggest island in the Caribbean. The total population is 11,061.886. Its official language is Spanish, and 95% Cubans are Roman Catholic. 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The $46 million project would fail miserably, embarrassing America and increasingRead MorePolicemen Of The World Thesis And Outline Final 2 2307 Words   |  10 PagesPolicemen of the World Thesis and Outline Stephanie Clay Strayer University 24 May 2014 Introduction Over the last seventy years, the U.S. Military has developed into one of the main tools used by our International Partners to manage complex crisis that pose a serious threat to international peace and security past the United States borders. The number of military personnel that are being deployed to investigate, assist when peacekeeping is greatly needed has grown in size and within the last